Purification and Preparation:
The production process of CNG begins with the removal of impurities. Sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) are eliminated using molecular adsorbents. Moisture and water vapor in the gas are also removed using adsorption or refrigeration-based drying systems to prevent hydrate formation and equipment corrosion.
Compression and Storage:
After purification, natural gas is compressed in multi-stage compressors to a pressure of 200–250 bar. This process is accompanied by cooling systems to avoid excessive gas temperature rise. The compressed gas is stored in specially designed reinforced cylinders or composite tanks capable of withstanding high pressures.
Environmental Advantages:
CNG is recognized as a clean fuel that significantly reduces the emission of harmful pollutants. Compared to conventional fossil fuels, it produces up to 90% fewer particulate emissions and minimizes the release of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx).
Industrial Applications:
Refined CNG is widely used in public transportation fleets, light and heavy-duty vehicles. In the industrial sector, it serves as a clean fuel in boilers, furnaces, and energy generation systems. Due to its high octane rating (120–130), it delivers optimal performance in internal combustion engines.
Safety Considerations:
The storage and transportation of CNG require strict safety standards. The use of quick shut-off valves, leak detection systems, and high-pressure equipment built to international standards is essential. CNG fueling stations are also equipped with fire suppression systems and emergency ventilation mechanisms.
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